2 Raja-raja 15:1-38
Konteks15:1 In the twenty-seventh year of King Jeroboam’s reign over Israel, Amaziah’s son Azariah became king over Judah. 15:2 He was sixteen years old when he began to reign, and he reigned for fifty-two years in Jerusalem. 1 His mother’s name was Jecholiah, who was from Jerusalem. 15:3 He did what the Lord approved, just as his father Amaziah had done. 2 15:4 But the high places were not eliminated; the people continued to offer sacrifices and burn incense on the high places. 15:5 The Lord afflicted the king with an illness; he suffered from a skin disease 3 until the day he died. He lived in separate quarters, 4 while his son Jotham was in charge of the palace and ruled over the people of the land.
15:6 The rest of the events of Azariah’s reign, including all his accomplishments, are recorded in the scroll called the Annals of the Kings of Judah. 5 15:7 Azariah passed away 6 and was buried 7 with his ancestors in the city of David. His son Jotham replaced him as king.
15:8 In the thirty-eighth year of King Azariah’s reign over Judah, Jeroboam’s son Zechariah became king over Israel. He reigned in Samaria 8 for six months. 15:9 He did evil in the sight of 9 the Lord, as his ancestors had done. He did not repudiate 10 the sinful ways of Jeroboam son of Nebat who encouraged Israel to sin. 15:10 Shallum son of Jabesh conspired against him; he assassinated him in Ibleam 11 and took his place as king. 15:11 The rest of the events of Zechariah’s reign are recorded in the scroll called the Annals of the Kings of Israel. 12 15:12 His assassination brought to fulfillment the Lord’s word to Jehu, 13 “Four generations of your descendants will rule over Israel.” 14 That is exactly what happened. 15
15:13 Shallum son of Jabesh became king in the thirty-ninth year of King Uzziah’s 16 reign over Judah. He reigned for one month 17 in Samaria. 15:14 Menahem son of Gadi went up from Tirzah to 18 Samaria and attacked Shallum son of Jabesh. 19 He killed him and took his place as king. 15:15 The rest of the events of Shallum’s reign, including the conspiracy he organized, are recorded in the scroll called the Annals of the Kings of Israel. 20 15:16 At that time Menahem came from Tirzah and attacked Tiphsah. He struck down all who lived in the city and the surrounding territory, because they would not surrender. 21 He even ripped open the pregnant women.
15:17 In the thirty-ninth year of King Azariah’s reign over Judah, Menahem son of Gadi became king over Israel. He reigned for twelve years in Samaria. 22 15:18 He did evil in the sight of 23 the Lord; he did not repudiate 24 the sinful ways of Jeroboam son of Nebat who encouraged Israel to sin. 25
During his reign, 15:19 Pul 26 king of Assyria invaded the land, and Menahem paid 27 him 28 a thousand talents 29 of silver to gain his support 30 and to solidify his control of the kingdom. 31 15:20 Menahem got this silver by taxing all the wealthy men in Israel; he took fifty shekels of silver from each one of them and paid it to the king of Assyria. 32 Then the king of Assyria left; he did not stay there in the land.
15:21 The rest of the events of Menahem’s reign, including all his accomplishments, are recorded in the scroll called the Annals of the Kings of Israel. 33 15:22 Menahem passed away 34 and his son Pekahiah replaced him as king.
15:23 In the fiftieth year of King Azariah’s reign over Judah, Menahem’s son Pekahiah became king over Israel. He reigned in Samaria 35 for two years. 15:24 He did evil in the sight of 36 the Lord; he did not repudiate 37 the sinful ways of Jeroboam son of Nebat who encouraged Israel to sin. 15:25 His officer Pekah son of Remaliah conspired against him. He and fifty Gileadites assassinated Pekahiah, as well as Argob and Arieh, in Samaria in the fortress of the royal palace. 38 Pekah then took his place as king.
15:26 The rest of the events of Pekahiah’s reign, including all his accomplishments, are recorded in the scroll called the Annals of the Kings of Israel. 39
15:27 In the fifty-second year of King Azariah’s reign over Judah, Pekah son of Remaliah became king over Israel. He reigned in Samaria 40 for twenty years. 15:28 He did evil in the sight of 41 the Lord; he did not repudiate 42 the sinful ways of Jeroboam son of Nebat who encouraged Israel to sin. 15:29 During Pekah’s reign over Israel, King Tiglath-pileser of Assyria came and captured Ijon, Abel Beth Maacah, Janoah, Kedesh, Hazor, 43 Gilead, and Galilee, including all the territory of Naphtali. He deported the people 44 to Assyria. 15:30 Hoshea son of Elah conspired against Pekah son of Remaliah. He assassinated him 45 and took his place as king, in the twentieth year of the reign of Jotham son of Uzziah.
15:31 The rest of the events of Pekah’s reign, including all his accomplishments, are recorded in the scroll called the Annals of the Kings of Israel. 46
15:32 In the second year of the reign of Israel’s King Pekah son of Remaliah, Uzziah’s son Jotham became king over Judah. 15:33 He was twenty-five years old when he began to reign, and he reigned for sixteen years in Jerusalem. 47 His mother was Jerusha the daughter of Zadok. 15:34 He did what the Lord approved, just as his father Uzziah had done. 48 15:35 But the high places were not eliminated; the people continued to offer sacrifices and burn incense on the high places. He built the Upper Gate to the Lord’s temple.
15:36 The rest of the events of Jotham’s reign, including his accomplishments, are recorded in the scroll called the Annals of the Kings of Judah. 49 15:37 In those days the Lord prompted King Rezin of Syria and Pekah son of Remaliah to attack Judah. 50 15:38 Jotham passed away 51 and was buried with his ancestors in the city of his ancestor David. His son Ahaz replaced him as king.
2 Raja-raja 22:1-20
Konteks22:1 Josiah was eight years old when he became king, and he reigned for thirty-one years in Jerusalem. 52 His mother 53 was Jedidah, daughter of Adaiah, from Bozkath. 22:2 He did what the Lord approved 54 and followed in his ancestor David’s footsteps; 55 he did not deviate to the right or the left.
22:3 In the eighteenth year of King Josiah’s reign, the king sent the scribe Shaphan son of Azaliah, son of Meshullam, to the Lord’s temple with these orders: 56 22:4 “Go up to Hilkiah the high priest and have him melt down 57 the silver that has been brought by the people to the Lord’s temple and has been collected by the guards at the door. 22:5 Have them hand it over to the construction foremen 58 assigned to the Lord’s temple. They in turn should pay the temple workers to repair it, 59 22:6 including craftsmen, builders, and masons, and should buy wood and chiseled stone for the repair work. 60 22:7 Do not audit the foremen who disburse the silver, for they are honest.” 61
22:8 Hilkiah the high priest informed Shaphan the scribe, “I found the law scroll in the Lord’s temple.” Hilkiah gave the scroll to Shaphan and he read it. 22:9 Shaphan the scribe went to the king and reported, 62 “Your servants melted down the silver in the temple 63 and handed it over to the construction foremen assigned to the Lord’s temple.” 22:10 Then Shaphan the scribe told the king, “Hilkiah the priest has given me a scroll.” Shaphan read it out loud before the king. 22:11 When the king heard the words of the law scroll, he tore his clothes. 22:12 The king ordered Hilkiah the priest, Ahikam son of Shaphan, Acbor son of Micaiah, Shaphan the scribe, and Asaiah the king’s servant, 22:13 “Go, seek an oracle from 64 the Lord for me and the people – for all Judah. Find out about 65 the words of this scroll that has been discovered. For the Lord’s fury has been ignited against us, 66 because our ancestors have not obeyed the words of this scroll by doing all that it instructs us to do.” 67
22:14 So Hilkiah the priest, Ahikam, Acbor, Shaphan, and Asaiah went to Huldah the prophetess, the wife of Shullam son of Tikvah, the son of Harhas, the supervisor of the wardrobe. 68 (She lived in Jerusalem in the Mishneh 69 district.) They stated their business, 70 22:15 and she said to them: “This is what the Lord God of Israel says: ‘Say this to the man who sent you to me: 22:16 “This is what the Lord says: ‘I am about to bring disaster on this place and its residents, the details of which are recorded in the scroll which the king of Judah has read. 71 22:17 This will happen because they have abandoned me and offered sacrifices 72 to other gods, angering me with all the idols they have made. 73 My anger will ignite against this place and will not be extinguished!’” 22:18 Say this to the king of Judah, who sent you to seek an oracle from the Lord: “This is what the Lord God of Israel says concerning the words you have heard: 22:19 ‘You displayed a sensitive spirit 74 and humbled yourself before the Lord when you heard how I intended to make this place and its residents into an appalling example of an accursed people. 75 You tore your clothes and wept before me, and I have heard you,’ says the Lord. 22:20 ‘Therefore I will allow you to die and be buried in peace. 76 You will not have to witness 77 all the disaster I will bring on this place.’”’” Then they reported back to the king.
[15:2] 1 map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.
[15:3] 2 tn Heb “he did what was proper in the eyes of the
[15:5] 3 tn Traditionally, “he was a leper.” But see the note at 5:1.
[15:5] 4 tn The precise meaning of בֵית הַחָפְשִׁית (bet hakhofÿshit), “house of […?],” is uncertain. For a discussion of various proposals, see M. Cogan and H. Tadmor, II Kings (AB), 166-67.
[15:6] 5 tn Heb “As for the rest of the events of Azariah, and all which he did, are they not written on the scroll of the events of the days of the kings of Judah?”
[15:7] 6 tn Heb “lay down with his fathers.”
[15:7] 7 tn Heb “and they buried him.”
[15:8] 8 map For location see Map2 B1; Map4 D3; Map5 E2; Map6 A4; Map7 C1.
[15:9] 9 tn Heb “in the eyes of.”
[15:9] 10 tn Heb “turn away from.”
[15:10] 11 tc The MT reads, “and he struck him down before the people and killed him” (cf. KJV, ASV, NASB, NIV, NRSV, NLT). However, the reading קָבָל עָם (qaval ’am), “before the people,” is problematic to some because קָבָל is a relatively late Aramaic term. Nevertheless, the Aramaic term qobel certainly antedates the writing of Kings. The bigger problem seems to be the unnecessary intrusion of an Aramaic word at all here. Most interpreters prefer to follow Lucian’s Greek version and read “in Ibleam” (בְיִבְלְעָם, bÿivle’am). Cf. NAB, TEV.
[15:11] 12 tn Heb “As for the rest of the events of Jeroboam, look, they are written on the scroll of the events of the days of the kings of Israel.”
[15:12] 13 tn Heb “It was the word of the
[15:12] 14 tn “sons of four generations will sit for you on the throne of Israel.”
[15:12] sn See the note at 2 Kgs 10:30.
[15:12] 15 tn Heb “and it was so.”
[15:13] 16 sn Azariah was also known by the name Uzziah.
[15:13] 17 tn Heb “a month of days.”
[15:14] 18 tn Heb “and came to.”
[15:14] 19 tn Heb “went up from Tirzah and arrived in Samaria and attacked Shallum son of Jabesh in Samaria.”
[15:15] 20 tn Heb “As for the rest of the events of Shallum, and his conspiracy which he conspired, look, they are written on the scroll of the events of the days of the kings of Israel.”
[15:16] 21 tn Heb “then Menahem attacked Tiphsah and all who were in it and its borders from Tirzah, for it would not open, and he attacked.”
[15:16] tn Instead of “Tiphsah,” the LXX has “Tirzah,” while Lucian’s Greek version reads “Tappuah.” For discussion see M. Cogan and H. Tadmor, II Kings (AB), 171.
[15:17] 22 map For location see Map2 B1; Map4 D3; Map5 E2; Map6 A4; Map7 C1.
[15:18] 23 tn Heb “in the eyes of.”
[15:18] 24 tn Heb “turn away from.”
[15:18] 25 tc The MT of v. 18 ends with the words, “all his days.” If this phrase is taken with what precedes, then one should translate, “[who encouraged Israel to sin] throughout his reign.” However, it may be preferable to emend the text to בְיֹמָיו (bÿyomav), “in his days,” and join the phrase to what follows. The translation assumes this change.
[15:19] 26 sn Pul was a nickname of Tiglath-pileser III (cf. 15:29). See M. Cogan and H. Tadmor, II Kings (AB), 171-72.
[15:19] 28 tn Heb “Pul.” The proper name has been replaced by the pronoun (“him”) in the translation for stylistic reasons.
[15:19] 29 tn The Hebrew term כִּכָּר (kikkar, “circle”) refers generally to something that is round. When used of metals it can refer to a disk-shaped weight made of the metal or to a standard unit of weight, generally regarded as a talent. Since the accepted weight for a talent of metal is about 75 pounds, this would have amounted to about 75,000 pounds of silver (cf. NCV “about seventy-four thousand pounds”); NLT “thirty-seven tons”; CEV “over thirty tons”; TEV “34,000 kilogrammes.”
[15:19] 30 tn Heb “so his hands would be with him.”
[15:19] 31 tn Heb “to keep hold of the kingdom in his hand.”
[15:20] 32 tn Heb “and Menahem brought out the silver over Israel, over the prominent men of means, to give to the king of Assyria, fifty shekels of silver for each man.”
[15:21] 33 tn Heb “As for the rest of the events of Menahem, and all which he did, are they not written on the scroll of the events of the days of the kings of Israel?”
[15:22] 34 tn Heb “lay down with his fathers.”
[15:23] 35 map For location see Map2 B1; Map4 D3; Map5 E2; Map6 A4; Map7 C1.
[15:24] 36 tn Heb “in the eyes of.”
[15:24] 37 tn Heb “turn away from.”
[15:25] 38 tn Heb “and he struck him down in Samaria in the fortress of the house of the king, Argob and Arieh, and with him fifty men from the sons of the Gileadites, and they killed him.”
[15:25] sn The precise identity of Argob and Arieh, as well as their relationship to the king, are uncertain. The usual assumption is that they were officials assassinated along with Pekahiah, or that they were two of the more prominent Gileadites involved in the revolt. For discussion see M. Cogan and H. Tadmor, II Kings (AB), 173.
[15:26] 39 tn Heb “As for the rest of the events of Pekahiah, and all which he did, look, they are written on the scroll of the events of the days of the kings of Israel.”
[15:27] 40 map For location see Map2 B1; Map4 D3; Map5 E2; Map6 A4; Map7 C1.
[15:28] 41 tn Heb “in the eyes of.”
[15:28] 42 tn Heb “turn away from.”
[15:29] 43 map For location see Map1 D2; Map2 D3; Map3 A2; Map4 C1.
[15:30] 45 tn Heb “and struck him down and killed him.”
[15:31] 46 tn Heb “As for the rest of the events of Pekah, and all which he did, look, they are written on the scroll of the events of the days of the kings of Israel.”
[15:33] 47 map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.
[15:34] 48 tn Heb “he did what was proper in the eyes of the
[15:36] 49 tn Heb “As for the rest of the events of Jotham, and that which he did, are they not written on the scroll of the events of the days of the kings of Judah?”
[15:37] 50 tn Heb “the
[15:38] 51 tn Heb “lay down with his fathers.”
[22:1] 52 map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.
[22:1] 53 tn Heb “the name of his mother.”
[22:2] 54 tn Heb “he did what was proper in the eyes of the
[22:2] 55 tn Heb “and walked in all the way of David his father.”
[22:3] 56 tn Heb “with these orders, saying.”
[22:4] 57 tc The MT has וְיַתֵּם (vÿyattem), “and let them add up” (Hiphil of תָּמָם [tammam], “be complete”), but the appearance of הִתִּיכוּ (hitikhu), “they melted down” (Hiphil of נָתַךְ [natakh], “pour out”) in v. 9 suggests that the verb form should be emended to וְיַתֵּךְ (vÿyattekh), “and let him melt down” (a Hiphil of נָתַךְ [natakh]). For a discussion of this and other options see M. Cogan and H. Tadmor, II Kings (AB), 281.
[22:5] 58 tn Heb “doers of the work.”
[22:5] 59 tn Heb “and let them give it to the doers of the work who are in the house of the
[22:6] 60 tn Heb “and to buy wood and chiseled stone to repair the house.”
[22:7] 61 tn Heb “only the silver that is given into their hand should not be reckoned with them, for in faithfulness they are acting.”
[22:9] 62 tn Heb “returned the king a word and said.”
[22:9] 63 tn Heb “that was found in the house.”
[22:13] 64 tn Or “inquire of.”
[22:13] 65 tn Heb “concerning.”
[22:13] 66 tn Heb “for great is the anger of the
[22:13] 67 tn Heb “by doing all that is written concerning us.” Perhaps עָלֵינוּ (’alenu), “concerning us,” should be altered to עָלָיו (’alav), “upon it,” in which case one could translate, “by doing all that is written in it.”
[22:14] 68 tn Heb “the keeper of the clothes.”
[22:14] 69 tn Or “second.” For a discussion of the possible location of this district, see M. Cogan and H. Tadmor, II Kings (AB), 283.
[22:14] 70 tn Heb “and they spoke to her.”
[22:16] 71 tn Heb “all the words of the scroll which the king of Judah has read.”
[22:17] 72 tn Or “burned incense.”
[22:17] 73 tn Heb “angering me with all the work of their hands.” The translation assumes that this refers to idols they have manufactured (note the preceding reference to “other gods,” as well as 19:18). However, it is possible that this is a general reference to their sinful practices, in which case one might translate, “angering me by all the things they do.”
[22:19] 74 tn Heb “Because your heart was tender.”
[22:19] 75 tn Heb “how I said concerning this place and its residents to become [an object of] horror and [an example of] a curse.” The final phrase (“horror and a curse”) refers to Judah becoming a prime example of an accursed people. In curse formulations they would be held up as a prime example of divine judgment. For an example of such a curse, see Jer 29:22.
[22:20] 76 tn Heb “Therefore, look, I am gathering you to your fathers, and you will be gathered to your tomb in peace.”
